Characterization in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Austen usually presents her characters dramatically through their conversation, actions and letters. Darcy and Wickham, Lydia and Caroline are much revealed through their actions, while Collins and Lydia are revealed through their letters. A direct comment is sometimes added. The mean understanding of Mrs. Bennet and the sarcastic humour of Mr. Bennet have already been revealed in their dialogues before the direct comment of the novelist. Similarly before she tells us about Mr. Collins, we have already become aware from his letter that he is not a sensible man. Though Jane Austen does not conceive her characters in pairs yet her characters are revealed through comparison and contrast with others. Lady Catherine and Mrs. Bennet balance each other in their vulgarity and match-making drills. Wickham serves a contrast to Darcy while Bingley is a foil to him. Elizabeth’s is compared and contrasted with Jane and Caroline Bingley. Austen builds character through piling an infinite succession of minute details about them. In â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, the Elizabeth-Darcy relationship is traced through minute details, details which look trivial and insignificant in the first instance but whose significance is realized only after reading the novel. Austen is a great realist in art. She studies her characters kindly but objectively. She is constant in providing details about their outlook, attitude, manner and accomplishments. Jane Austen’s minor figures are flat. They do not grow and are fully developed when we first meet them. As the action progresses our first impressions of them get confirmed. Mrs. Bennet seems to be stupefied and vulgar right from the first scene. Her appearance at the Netherfield Park or her reaction to Lydia’s elopement confirms her stupidity and vulgarity. This is true of almost all of her minor figures. But her major characters are ever changing, ever growing. Usually self-deceived in initial stages, they are capable of understanding, growth and maturity. They are complex, dynamic and intricate. Her heroines, blinded by ego, vanity or over-confidence, commit gross errors and suffer bitter reverses. But by virtue of their insight they are gradually disillusioned and, thus, grow.  Minor or major all characters created by Jane Austen may be described as round inasmuch as they are all three-dimensional. Thus touched by the magic wand of Jane Austen’s art, even the fool and bore of real life became amusing figures. The pompous stupidity of Mrs. Collins and the absurdity and vulgarity of Mrs. Bennet should in real life, prove as irritating to us as to Elizabeth and Darcy. But even these characters become such a rich source of mirth and entertainment.

Global Environmental Issues

Environmental issues are a major problem in our world, and all people need to recognize the need for our social obligations. The effect of humans on our planet has increased significantly over the years. Not only is the population constantly growing, there is â€Å"new technical power to dig deeper, cut faster, build larger, and traverse more quickly great distances in automobiles, trucks, and planes† (Brown, 2001). Severe environmental issues have appeared throughout the world as a result. It is very important that environmentalists work to educate everyone so that they can learn how to make the most effective ethical decisions in order to preserve nature. There are ethical and social obligations that the world needs to consider when it comes to environmental issues. People do not have respect for nature because they think they are superior, but everyone should learn how to live in harmony with nature and the environment. It is critical that we learn how to preserve our world in which we live. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the many areas of environmental issues that we need to address in our world. All of these areas could have disastrous global consequences, and everyone should learn how to make the best decisions to try to protect the environment. â€Å"The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing. Many are agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet† (Anup, 2009). Global warming and climate change can be best described as an increase in average global temperatures. The increases in â€Å"greenhouse gases† such as carbon dioxide created by human activities are one of the main causes contributing to the increase of global temperatures (Anup, 2009). Many people do not understand exactly the meaning of greenhouse gases. â€Å"The meaning of the greenhouse effect can be defined in these following steps: ? Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; ? In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space; ?Some atmospheric gases including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse; ? These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases; ?The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy (Anup, 2009). † Here is an illustration showing the increased levels of gases that affect everyone on our planet. Gas emissions can be a huge problem that we are facing in today’s world. Human industrialization processes are growing at a very rapid pace. Carbon dioxide is the most significant of the greenhouse gases although it is not the strongest one (Anup, 2009). Most of the industrialized nations are responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions that can cause so much damage. The more underdeveloped countries do not contribute as much to this problem. Global warming affects us in more ways than we realize. Global warming will possibly lead to the following situations: rapid global heating, dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions, ozone loss, warming of the oceans, permafrost thawing, oceanic changes, massive extinction of species, and sudden collapse of biological and ecological systems may occur (Anup, 2009). The over population of the planet is also a concern for environmental ethics. The increased population helps to increase the amount of greenhouse gases, but it mainly contributes to the consumption of our world’s natural resources. The more advanced countries like the United States use so many resources. Our people waste so much more than they help to conserve. â€Å"Energy security is a growing concern for rich and emerging nations alike. The past drive for fossil fuel energy has led to wars, overthrow of democratically elected leaders, and puppet governments and dictatorships. † There are many concerns and fears which include oil and other fossil fuel depletion, reliance on foreign sources of energy, energy demands rising from advancing developing countries such as China and India, economic efficiency versus population growth debate, and renewable and other alternative energy sources. Shah, 2009). Many people are scared that we are wasting too much of our fossil fuels. They think that if we keep going at our current rate, we will quickly use up all of our fossil fuels. People need to try to consider all of the facts so that we can make good ethical decisions. It would be very wise to invest in alternatives to fossil fuels. In the present and future, we need to work on preser ving as much as we possibly can. Currently, we are trying to find alternative fuel sources instead of using all of our oil. That is just one example of ethical decisions that we are committing to. If everyone was informed about all of the dangers so that they could better understand the issues we are facing, they might possibly make better ethical decisions in their daily lives. Concluding, everyone in our world needs to wake up and notice what is going on around them. If we want our children to have a safe place to live in this world, we need to start doing everything that we can in order to protect and preserve it. It is our moral and social obligations to make ethical decisions because our decisions affect everyone around us. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the things that we need to worry about. It is our responsibility to educate ourselves on these issues so that we can implement better and safer processes to use. Working together, we can help to come up with new ideas and slow down our destruction of our environment and homes. References Anup, S. (2009, December 30). Climate Change and Global Warming. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/issue/178/climate-change-and-global-warming Brennan, A. , & Lo, Y. -S. (n. d. ). Environmental Ethics. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2009 Edition): http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/win2009/entries/ethics-environmental Brown, D. A. (2001). The Ethical Dimensions of Global Environmental Issues. Retrieved January 21, 2010, from American Academy of Arts & Sciences: http://www. amacad. org/publications/fall2001/brown. aspx Ruggiero, V. R. (2008). Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues, (7th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shah, A. (2009, Novemeber 20). Energy Security. Retrieved January 16, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/artical/595/energy-security Global Environmental Issues Environmental issues are a major problem in our world, and all people need to recognize the need for our social obligations. The effect of humans on our planet has increased significantly over the years. Not only is the population constantly growing, there is â€Å"new technical power to dig deeper, cut faster, build larger, and traverse more quickly great distances in automobiles, trucks, and planes† (Brown, 2001). Severe environmental issues have appeared throughout the world as a result. It is very important that environmentalists work to educate everyone so that they can learn how to make the most effective ethical decisions in order to preserve nature. There are ethical and social obligations that the world needs to consider when it comes to environmental issues. People do not have respect for nature because they think they are superior, but everyone should learn how to live in harmony with nature and the environment. It is critical that we learn how to preserve our world in which we live. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the many areas of environmental issues that we need to address in our world. All of these areas could have disastrous global consequences, and everyone should learn how to make the best decisions to try to protect the environment. â€Å"The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing. Many are agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet† (Anup, 2009). Global warming and climate change can be best described as an increase in average global temperatures. The increases in â€Å"greenhouse gases† such as carbon dioxide created by human activities are one of the main causes contributing to the increase of global temperatures (Anup, 2009). Many people do not understand exactly the meaning of greenhouse gases. â€Å"The meaning of the greenhouse effect can be defined in these following steps: ? Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; ? In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space; ?Some atmospheric gases including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse; ? These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases; ?The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy (Anup, 2009). † Here is an illustration showing the increased levels of gases that affect everyone on our planet. Gas emissions can be a huge problem that we are facing in today’s world. Human industrialization processes are growing at a very rapid pace. Carbon dioxide is the most significant of the greenhouse gases although it is not the strongest one (Anup, 2009). Most of the industrialized nations are responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions that can cause so much damage. The more underdeveloped countries do not contribute as much to this problem. Global warming affects us in more ways than we realize. Global warming will possibly lead to the following situations: rapid global heating, dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions, ozone loss, warming of the oceans, permafrost thawing, oceanic changes, massive extinction of species, and sudden collapse of biological and ecological systems may occur (Anup, 2009). The over population of the planet is also a concern for environmental ethics. The increased population helps to increase the amount of greenhouse gases, but it mainly contributes to the consumption of our world’s natural resources. The more advanced countries like the United States use so many resources. Our people waste so much more than they help to conserve. â€Å"Energy security is a growing concern for rich and emerging nations alike. The past drive for fossil fuel energy has led to wars, overthrow of democratically elected leaders, and puppet governments and dictatorships. † There are many concerns and fears which include oil and other fossil fuel depletion, reliance on foreign sources of energy, energy demands rising from advancing developing countries such as China and India, economic efficiency versus population growth debate, and renewable and other alternative energy sources. Shah, 2009). Many people are scared that we are wasting too much of our fossil fuels. They think that if we keep going at our current rate, we will quickly use up all of our fossil fuels. People need to try to consider all of the facts so that we can make good ethical decisions. It would be very wise to invest in alternatives to fossil fuels. In the present and future, we need to work on preser ving as much as we possibly can. Currently, we are trying to find alternative fuel sources instead of using all of our oil. That is just one example of ethical decisions that we are committing to. If everyone was informed about all of the dangers so that they could better understand the issues we are facing, they might possibly make better ethical decisions in their daily lives. Concluding, everyone in our world needs to wake up and notice what is going on around them. If we want our children to have a safe place to live in this world, we need to start doing everything that we can in order to protect and preserve it. It is our moral and social obligations to make ethical decisions because our decisions affect everyone around us. Climate change and global warming, gas emissions, population growth, and energy security are just a few of the things that we need to worry about. It is our responsibility to educate ourselves on these issues so that we can implement better and safer processes to use. Working together, we can help to come up with new ideas and slow down our destruction of our environment and homes. References Anup, S. (2009, December 30). Climate Change and Global Warming. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/issue/178/climate-change-and-global-warming Brennan, A. , & Lo, Y. -S. (n. d. ). Environmental Ethics. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2009 Edition): http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/win2009/entries/ethics-environmental Brown, D. A. (2001). The Ethical Dimensions of Global Environmental Issues. Retrieved January 21, 2010, from American Academy of Arts & Sciences: http://www. amacad. org/publications/fall2001/brown. aspx Ruggiero, V. R. (2008). Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues, (7th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shah, A. (2009, Novemeber 20). Energy Security. Retrieved January 16, 2010, from Global Issues: http://www. globalissues. org/artical/595/energy-security

Abortion Should Be Legal

I believe in choice. Pro-choice. People’s lives and rights should not be interfered by the opinion of another. There are certain rights given to a person which cannot be removed or changed. This gives the choice-maker the right to live with his/her own decision without the guilt or disturbance of a third party. Live your own lives. A body belongs to one soul, giving one soul the rules and rights over it. People tend to forget that. As in an economy, when something is in demand, legal or not, people will sell and buy it. But what about those people who feel guilt over something that shouldn’t pressure them? May it be abortion or not. Most people would like to live under the choices they make without the world pushing them over or religions battering them with stones. With the evolving moral standards of society, abortions are becoming more and more justified. Abortions, the practice of removing a fertilized egg from a mother has become a controversial issue in American society, but should be generally supported because there are circumstances where the mother to be is unable to sustain a pregnancy safely. Young low income women and or girls who become mothers have grim prospects for the future and in the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. In, â€Å"The Cost of Choice†, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) and Planned Parenthood, among other pro-abortion advocacy groups and organizations, have formulated and published standards and guidelines for affiliated clinics and physicians. In fact, Planned Parenthood clinics, with few exceptions, must adhere to the operational standards and protocols mandated by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. State legislatures have obtained copies of these standards and protocols and have used them to formulate minimum health and safety standards for abortion care. Encounter Books, 2004. p 128. ) Those who are against legalizing abortion/pro-life believe that a fetus is a person and should be granted life just as every other living being on this earth. Imagine a mother and child falling into dangerous river rapids and a family member or bystander must decide who to save. It’s a terrible decision that must be made. Regardless of the decision, one life will be lost and one saved. This situation differs so fundamentally from abortion on demand, which is to kill the unborn baby for convenience, as opposed to choosing which life will be saved. Pro-life activist / believers think that abortion is murder, and that life begins at conception. â€Å"In biology and in medicine, it is an accepted fact that the life of any individual organism reproducing by sexual reproduction begins at conception (fertilization). † â€Å"By all the criteria of modern molecular biology, life is present from the moment of conception. † â€Å"Human life begins at the time of conception. † â€Å"Human life begins when after the ovum is fertilized the new combined cell mass begins to divide. â€Å"The beginning of a single human life is from a biological point of view a simple and straightforward matter – the beginning is conception. †(Boonin, 2002, p. 21) Pro-choice believer think that Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result, however statistics show that most women who carry a child do not give their child up for adoption. They might also believe that, an abortion can result in medical complications later in life; the risk of ectopic pregnancies double. Abortion for medical reasons where the mother’s life is in jeopardy that should be left to the discretion of the mother, family, and doctor. It’s true, the mother and the unborn baby are still two separate individuals/entities, but under these difficult circumstances, it’s truly a personal decision for those directly involved. Abortion in cases of rape and/or incest should be treated the same as abortion for medical reasons. It should be up to the victim of the rape or incest what she wants to do in this rare and terrible situation. Some countries now with moderately restrictive laws permit abortions to protect a women’s health, to end pregnancies resulting from rape or incest, to avoid genetic or other defects, or in response to social problems such as unmarried status or low income. Rape one of the top reasons why I believe that a woman should be able to have an abortion. Rape is the act of sexual intercourse with a woman without her consent or with a minor. Having a child resulting from the mother being rape causes many metal problems for the mother as the birth of the child could be a remembrance of what happen. Incest is sexual intercourse between people who are of blood relations this is one of the reasons why abortion should be legal. It is believed that 50% of all incest cases happen to children fewer than 17 years of age. It has also been stated that children who are conceived by incest are more likely to the possibly leading to mental retardation Birth defects are any abnormalities in the structure or function of the fetus. About twenty percent or more of malformed fetuses are aborted; the rest results in a newborn baby with a birth defect. Each type of birth defect is rare . All live births can cause increased percent of infant deaths in the period immediately after birth. Low income is when people have little or no money coming into the home. To care for a child is very expensive you need to buy pampers, milk, formula’s, clothes, powder, cream, soap, towels, cribs and if u are working u need to pay for ah baby sitter. It takes an average of $15000 a year to care of a child. There are now 1. 3 million surgical abortions per year in the United States. 0 The Alan Guttmacher Institute (the research arm of Planned Parenthood) reports that women have abortions for two primary reasons: lack of financial resources and lack of emotional support. .(Encounter Books, 2004. p 198. ) One needs to take into consideration the developmental stages of the fetal life span. Most abortions occur soon after the confirmation of pregnancy, (usually prior to 12 weeks gestation. ) The first twelve weeks is known as the first trimester o r the embryonic phase. At this time the fetus is about 3-3. inches long having a weight of 15-20 grams. The neurological system is primitive at best, demonstrating only vague swimming motions. In the late 1880’s, The American Medical Association led the fight to criminalize all abortions. The campaign was a total success, with every state outlawing abortion. However, criminal prohibition did not stop women from obtaining illegal abortions, which sometimes resulted in severe medical problems. (Abortion, 2002, para. 8) I think this would cause more harm than good to make abortion illegal. Every woman should have the right to make that decision without the government getting involved. I do not recommend abortion as a birth-control method of choice. I merely state that it is a fact the most important single method of birth-control in the world today, and to cut down on population growth we should make abortion easy and safe while we continue to develop other and more â€Å"satisfactory† methods of family limitation. In addition to the 5 million women in the U. S. without access to birth-control for whom abortion would seem a mater of right when they want t, there are the uncounted thousands who after conception suffer some diseases of discover some defect which makes the birth of a live healthy baby unlikely, and the many, too, whose contraceptive methods occasionally do not work. Today abortion under modern hospital conditions is safer than childbirth. Instead of making abortion more difficult and dangerous for women, lawmakers should promote policies that reduc e the need for abortion. Almost 50 percent of all pregnancies in this country are unintended, including over 30 percent within marriage. And over half of all unintended pregnancies end in abortion. In the Roe vs. Wade the Supreme Court ruled that a woman was allowed by the Constitution’s 14th Amendment to receive an abortion before the first trimester. It now appeared that the pro-choice advocates had won the political tug-o-war at last. However, violence continues between the two groups as the animosity and resentment has grown to new heights. The most important part of reproductive rights is the principle that a woman has the right to decide whether and when to have a child. Religious beliefs, politics, incident of pregnancy, support, economy, long term consequences, such as regrets and depression, being able to take responsibility, and health issues are major factors that must be taken in consideration before resulting to abortion. For any pregnant woman, making a decision to abort her child is painful and ruthless, but under certain situation such as rape, young age and financial reasons, a woman should have the right to choose to terminate her pregnancy if she chooses to do so by aborting her unborn child. Abortion Should Be Legal I believe in choice. Pro-choice. People’s lives and rights should not be interfered by the opinion of another. There are certain rights given to a person which cannot be removed or changed. This gives the choice-maker the right to live with his/her own decision without the guilt or disturbance of a third party. Live your own lives. A body belongs to one soul, giving one soul the rules and rights over it. People tend to forget that. As in an economy, when something is in demand, legal or not, people will sell and buy it. But what about those people who feel guilt over something that shouldn’t pressure them? May it be abortion or not. Most people would like to live under the choices they make without the world pushing them over or religions battering them with stones. With the evolving moral standards of society, abortions are becoming more and more justified. Abortions, the practice of removing a fertilized egg from a mother has become a controversial issue in American society, but should be generally supported because there are circumstances where the mother to be is unable to sustain a pregnancy safely. Young low income women and or girls who become mothers have grim prospects for the future and in the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. In, â€Å"The Cost of Choice†, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) and Planned Parenthood, among other pro-abortion advocacy groups and organizations, have formulated and published standards and guidelines for affiliated clinics and physicians. In fact, Planned Parenthood clinics, with few exceptions, must adhere to the operational standards and protocols mandated by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. State legislatures have obtained copies of these standards and protocols and have used them to formulate minimum health and safety standards for abortion care. Encounter Books, 2004. p 128. ) Those who are against legalizing abortion/pro-life believe that a fetus is a person and should be granted life just as every other living being on this earth. Imagine a mother and child falling into dangerous river rapids and a family member or bystander must decide who to save. It’s a terrible decision that must be made. Regardless of the decision, one life will be lost and one saved. This situation differs so fundamentally from abortion on demand, which is to kill the unborn baby for convenience, as opposed to choosing which life will be saved. Pro-life activist / believers think that abortion is murder, and that life begins at conception. â€Å"In biology and in medicine, it is an accepted fact that the life of any individual organism reproducing by sexual reproduction begins at conception (fertilization). † â€Å"By all the criteria of modern molecular biology, life is present from the moment of conception. † â€Å"Human life begins at the time of conception. † â€Å"Human life begins when after the ovum is fertilized the new combined cell mass begins to divide. â€Å"The beginning of a single human life is from a biological point of view a simple and straightforward matter – the beginning is conception. †(Boonin, 2002, p. 21) Pro-choice believer think that Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result, however statistics show that most women who carry a child do not give their child up for adoption. They might also believe that, an abortion can result in medical complications later in life; the risk of ectopic pregnancies double. Abortion for medical reasons where the mother’s life is in jeopardy that should be left to the discretion of the mother, family, and doctor. It’s true, the mother and the unborn baby are still two separate individuals/entities, but under these difficult circumstances, it’s truly a personal decision for those directly involved. Abortion in cases of rape and/or incest should be treated the same as abortion for medical reasons. It should be up to the victim of the rape or incest what she wants to do in this rare and terrible situation. Some countries now with moderately restrictive laws permit abortions to protect a women’s health, to end pregnancies resulting from rape or incest, to avoid genetic or other defects, or in response to social problems such as unmarried status or low income. Rape one of the top reasons why I believe that a woman should be able to have an abortion. Rape is the act of sexual intercourse with a woman without her consent or with a minor. Having a child resulting from the mother being rape causes many metal problems for the mother as the birth of the child could be a remembrance of what happen. Incest is sexual intercourse between people who are of blood relations this is one of the reasons why abortion should be legal. It is believed that 50% of all incest cases happen to children fewer than 17 years of age. It has also been stated that children who are conceived by incest are more likely to the possibly leading to mental retardation Birth defects are any abnormalities in the structure or function of the fetus. About twenty percent or more of malformed fetuses are aborted; the rest results in a newborn baby with a birth defect. Each type of birth defect is rare . All live births can cause increased percent of infant deaths in the period immediately after birth. Low income is when people have little or no money coming into the home. To care for a child is very expensive you need to buy pampers, milk, formula’s, clothes, powder, cream, soap, towels, cribs and if u are working u need to pay for ah baby sitter. It takes an average of $15000 a year to care of a child. There are now 1. 3 million surgical abortions per year in the United States. 0 The Alan Guttmacher Institute (the research arm of Planned Parenthood) reports that women have abortions for two primary reasons: lack of financial resources and lack of emotional support. .(Encounter Books, 2004. p 198. ) One needs to take into consideration the developmental stages of the fetal life span. Most abortions occur soon after the confirmation of pregnancy, (usually prior to 12 weeks gestation. ) The first twelve weeks is known as the first trimester o r the embryonic phase. At this time the fetus is about 3-3. inches long having a weight of 15-20 grams. The neurological system is primitive at best, demonstrating only vague swimming motions. In the late 1880’s, The American Medical Association led the fight to criminalize all abortions. The campaign was a total success, with every state outlawing abortion. However, criminal prohibition did not stop women from obtaining illegal abortions, which sometimes resulted in severe medical problems. (Abortion, 2002, para. 8) I think this would cause more harm than good to make abortion illegal. Every woman should have the right to make that decision without the government getting involved. I do not recommend abortion as a birth-control method of choice. I merely state that it is a fact the most important single method of birth-control in the world today, and to cut down on population growth we should make abortion easy and safe while we continue to develop other and more â€Å"satisfactory† methods of family limitation. In addition to the 5 million women in the U. S. without access to birth-control for whom abortion would seem a mater of right when they want t, there are the uncounted thousands who after conception suffer some diseases of discover some defect which makes the birth of a live healthy baby unlikely, and the many, too, whose contraceptive methods occasionally do not work. Today abortion under modern hospital conditions is safer than childbirth. Instead of making abortion more difficult and dangerous for women, lawmakers should promote policies that reduc e the need for abortion. Almost 50 percent of all pregnancies in this country are unintended, including over 30 percent within marriage. And over half of all unintended pregnancies end in abortion. In the Roe vs. Wade the Supreme Court ruled that a woman was allowed by the Constitution’s 14th Amendment to receive an abortion before the first trimester. It now appeared that the pro-choice advocates had won the political tug-o-war at last. However, violence continues between the two groups as the animosity and resentment has grown to new heights. The most important part of reproductive rights is the principle that a woman has the right to decide whether and when to have a child. Religious beliefs, politics, incident of pregnancy, support, economy, long term consequences, such as regrets and depression, being able to take responsibility, and health issues are major factors that must be taken in consideration before resulting to abortion. For any pregnant woman, making a decision to abort her child is painful and ruthless, but under certain situation such as rape, young age and financial reasons, a woman should have the right to choose to terminate her pregnancy if she chooses to do so by aborting her unborn child.

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Operation Management - Essay Example Tactical issues deal with the plant structure and layout, project management methods and also equipment selection as well as replacement. Finally, an operational issue involves production scheduling, production control, quality control & inspection, inventory management, equipment maintenance policies and traffic & material handling (Chary, p. 88). Construction firms require the use of construction management techniques in order to be able to direct and coordinate the workers and the material resources required throughout the timeframe of a given construction project. Management techniques are quite important when it comes to the implementation of a management system. Benefits attributed to various management techniques are that they are able to increase a firm’s success based on cost, quality, time, and scope and participation satisfaction (Chary, p. 91). With regards to project management in a construction firm scenario, what is involved is a set of objectives that are meant to be accomplished through implementation of operations that are subject to the resource constraint. Based on the concept explained above on operation management, this paper is going to focus on the best method of implementing a management system for a construction company following the necessary essentials in the concept. There is need for most business companies to adopt an operational management method that will help in achieving most of their goals especially in the production of quality goods that will definitely increase their financial gain (Chary, p.93). Satisfying the customers’ needs is the major priority for any business organization. The construction companies which are referred to as one of the highly ranked performing organizations are required to have their own processing bodies which are meant to be the foundation of the company’s standard

Disabled People and the Rights to Social Citizenship Essay

Disabled People and the Rights to Social Citizenship - Essay Example The British government has proffered different definitions of a citizen as components of the various solutions proposed in respect of the extant social, economic and political problems and these solutions have affected the rights of individuals (Young, 1985). The Conservative government under John Major introduced a Citizen's Charter in order to subject public services to market forces. Accordingly, citizens obtained the right to choose. This development in conjunction with privatization was considered to be the panacea for the ills of the inefficient public services. Citizenship can be perceived either by the individualist approach in which the nature of citizenship is determined by individual choice or the structuralist approach in which the determining factors are social and economic in nature. Further, "Choice based theories are exemplified in their purest form by economics. In this world, individuals seek to maximize their utility by obtaining the highest return at the minimum cost from any course of action which they undertake" (Pattie, Seyd and Whiteley, 2004, pp 138-139). Consequently, "Citizenship is a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community. [and who] are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed" (Marshall, 1950, p. 28). These rights are of three kinds civil, political or social. The Civil rights are, "liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice" (Marshall, 1950, p. 10). Political rights comprise of "the right to participate in the exercise of political power" and social rights are "the whole range from the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share to the full in the social heritage and to live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in the society" (Marshall, 1950, p. 11). The absence of the disabled person's perspective in discussions involving citizenship is ubiquitous (Meekosha and Dowse, 1997, pp. 49-72). To achieve equality, disabled citizens need to possess freewill and involvement. Societal impediments rather than the disabling impairment, play havoc with the disabled person's endeavour to be full and equal citizen. Hence, civil society has been defined as "an arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values" (Centre for Civil Society, 2004). In order to provide disabled persons with equal access a modicum of restriction has to be enjoined on the freedom of the non-disabled people. The enactment of the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) on the 8th of November 1995 was the culmination of a protracted battle to enforce the rights of the disabled. This enactment led to several measures being adopted in order to prevent discrimination against disabled people and to grant them additional rights Vis - a - Vis employment, purchase and lease of real estate and access to goods, facilities and services. The DDA has empowered

D6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

D6 - Essay Example To a great extent, convergence is already taking place in organizations, because they are beginning to realize that managing electronic information successfully requires a collaborative approach throughout the organization rather than compartmentalizing information into various departments.(Petersen, 2006). Thus, technology convergence that is producing information convergence is transforming organizations into networked, integrated entities. Businesses are increasingly networking with business across the globe in outsourcing their operations so that they can focus on their core competencies. As Mishra(no date) also points out, technology convergence offers other advantages, such as a decrease in the costs of voice and data transmission, through improvements in compression technology and a reduction in infrastructure costs. For ordinary consumers, convergence offers the facility of equally efficient access to information using a choice of informational electronic mediums, such as mobile phones, computers and other media devices to access the same information. While the technology is still new and relatively expensive, for example in devices such as mobile phones that also offer the facility of accessing the Internet, or mobile phones married to PCs and cameras (Goldsborough, 2006), costs are likely to go down as convergence improves, thereby providing a boon for customers. For businesses, it provides the opportunity to gain considerable competitive strengths by combining competencies as mentioned above. 2. At present, it is possible for the Internet, as well as a LAN or Intranet and an extranet (WAN) to fully converge. This is being done with e-learning for example, where colleges may use the blackboard or Intranet to exchange internal communications, require students to carry out research on the Internet and also encourage access to Extranets such as external library databases. Such converge is occurring

Cognitive Development In Early Childhood Education Research Paper

Cognitive Development In Early Childhood Education - Research Paper Example This paper declares that cognition of every child tends to be different from another. This means that the level at what one child tends to perceive will be quite different from another child having the same age and circumstances. This merely means that the capability of each individual is different from another. Therefore comparing cognition f one child to another is practically useless as that would only undermine confidence. The only way to overcome this problem is that one needs to critically evaluate the child's way of learning, capabilities and social interaction and then device a way to deal and nurture the cognition in accordance with the child's pace of development. This essay makes a conclusion that cognition is an essential feature of a child's development. It gives a child the capability to understand the world that surrounds him, develop his perception about various things and finally build up his stance on the things. Cognition is a major area of concern which at times is neglected especially when it comes to the lower class as they usually do not spend much time and the required attention on the cognition of their child in the early years which causes them to suffer eventually. Cognitive development in early years of education is also essential because during early childhood a child is developing various concepts which he implements and executes throughout his life if at this point his concepts are clear and has a targeted sort of thinking therefore then many problems can be countered which a child having weak cognition might suffer from.

Equal opportunity laws and reverse discrimination Essay

Equal opportunity laws and reverse discrimination - Essay Example Taking a controversial approach with respect to reverse his termination in the workplace, this essay will prove persuasively argue that because these programs promote discrimination themselves barely defeatist, and ironically promote the same type of behavior that they seek to eradicate. We now turn to an overview of the reasons for affirmative action and then follow with a rebuttal against reverse discrimination in the work force. As mentioned above, discrimination in the workforce affects different types of people from all walks of life. Women have faced historical discrimination for years and the Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963 was established to tackle the issues associated with wage-based discrimination. Due to the prevalence of sexism today, women still continue to earn less than their male counterparts. With respect to age, older workers face a variety of challenges in the labor force and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 seeks to protect people who are 40 years of age and older from discrimination. Looking at people disabilities, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 sought to ensure the full employability of people disabilities in modern society. With respect to visible minorities in the United States, the US federal government began its attempts at combating discrimination in the early 1960s. During this period, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 to i mplement â€Å"affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." (The American Presidency Project, 2009). This was arguably the most important piece of legislation to pave the way for affirmative action in the United States. While the government has legislated many policies to tackle discrimination at work, these programs are inherently discriminatory themselves and promote exactly the type of

Is Ham correct that the connection between science and naturalism is Movie Review

Is Ham correct that the connection between science and naturalism is 'arbitrary' - Movie Review Example Ham promotes the view that evolutionists are at fault because they outlaw what is supernatural and beyond explanation. They claim that anything which cannot be proven by science is unbelievable. This is how they deny the presence of supernaturalism in this world. There are many supernatural causes which cannot be explained by science, but that does not mean they are not real. Science rules out supernatural causes because it is a field which nurtures on the food of observations. However, anything not observable like historical science should be separated from the science that is observable. How can Billy Nye claim that the earth is 4.5 billion years old without being present through the course of billions of years to observe one species evolve from another? This suggests that speculation forms the bedrock of evolution which is quite ironical since Nye seems to champion the importance of observations and science. Ham’s belief that the connection between science and naturalism is arbitrary also seems to be supported by Ziman (1968) who argued that science should be distinguished from pseudoscience. Scientific method is based on observations and that makes science, but pseudoscience is only a collection of beliefs and speculations thought to be based on scientific method. Thagard (1978) also argues that science should be separated from pseudoscience. There is a wide popularity of pseudoscience presently which should be condemned. The relationship between science and naturalism is also man-made or arbitrary because confirmations for any theory or philosophy can be found anywhere. This means that the relationship between science and naturalism is not based on some concrete system, rather it is arbitrary. â€Å"It is easy to obtain confirmations, or verifications, for nearly every theory† (Popper 1957). Both Ham and Nye have worked for years to make the complex subject of origins understandable to the world. However, despite

Research mothodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research mothodology - Essay Example The qualitative method is founded on a sound theoretical basis whereby a comprehensive literature review aimed at exploring the research topic is included. The theoretical aspect of the research in turn focuses on two key aspects, which include formulating a typology and analysing the current approaches and processes, employed by small firms. The deduction of the typology is used to help in embodying the findings and conclusions observed from previous research studies on similar topics. The observations made therefrom are likely to contribute immensely in arriving logical conclusions. The quantitative method, which is based on empirical data, includes collecting primary data through survey method, which involves collecting the necessary data through questionnaires. These include semi-structured questions aimed at managers of SMEs in the UK. The effectiveness of any research methodology is based on the philosophical underpinnings with regard to the approaches adopted. It also depends on the appropriateness of the research methods implemented and the level of accuracy of results derived therefrom against the knowledge required for the given study. Hence, the key assumptions made of crucial significance for conducting and for achieving effective evaluation of the data collected. This chapter aims to discuss the philosophical assumptions, the design strategies, research approaches and strategies used for the purpose of this study. Furthermore, this chapter also discusses the research instruments used, the methods of data collection and methods of analysis of the data used in this study. A research approach comprises of detailed plans and processes that elaborates on the broad assumptions with regard to the research topic and the detailed methods applied for data collection, analysis as well as interpretation (Crewel, 2013: p. 3). For the purpose of this study, different

The Grammar Translation Method Essay Example for Free

The Grammar Translation Method Essay History The Grammar Translation Method is an old method which was originally used to teach dead languages which explains why it focuses mainly on the written form at the expense of the oral form. It was designed according to the faculty psychology approach which was very popular during the 18th and 19th century. It contended that † mental discipline was essential for strengthening the powers of the mind†. The way to do this was through learning classical literature of the Greeks and Romans. Method ï‚ §Use of mother tongue. ï‚ §Vocabulary items are taught in the form of word lists. ï‚ §Elaborate explanations of grammar. ï‚ §Focus on the morphology and syntax. ï‚ §Reading of difficult texts early in the course. ï‚ §Practice focuses on exercises translating sentences or texts from mother tongue to the target language and vice versa. It is surprising to see that the Grammar Translation Method was still in use in some classrooms during the late decades of the 20th century. May be, it’s because it bears some advantages. Advantages ï‚ §Translation is the easiest and shortest way of explaining meaning of words and phrases. ï‚ §Learners have no difficulties to understand the lesson as it is carried out in the mother tongue. ï‚ §It is a labor-saving method as the teacher carries out everything in the mother tongue. Criticism ï‚ §What the method is good at is â€Å"teaching about the language† , not â€Å"teaching the language†. ï‚ §Speaking or any kind of spontaneous creative output was missing from the curriculum. ï‚ §Students lacked an active role in the classroom. ï‚ §Very little attention is paid to communication. ï‚ §Very little attention is paid to content. ï‚ §Translation is sometimes misleading. By MAHA YAHYA AL-YAHYA

Characteristics of Interviewing Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Interviewing Essay When Susan conversed with Leslie and Scott, she was talking with an eye contact and moving her hands and other body parts. She moved her head whenever she wanted to express that she was able to understand. Susan succeeded while maintaining her eye contact and stopping at interval whenever she felt was the right time to allow the thinking procedure. She demonstrated the pair that she was paying attention to what they were saying by using small phrases like I see, and oh hmm. Her hand movements also helped. Open ended question Susan asked Leslie many open ended questions such as, Assist me, how was it helpful? How do you feel about that? She intended to know about Leslies sentiments and thoughts. She wished to view things from Leslies prospective. Susan succeeded while asking such questions. Leslie gave answers openly and gives details about her feeling under given circumstances. It helped in creating fruitful discussion. Closed ended question There are few queries which have restricted replies like Susan asking sealed ended queries to Scot, Can you show me the evidence? This resulted in a yes or no conversation with Scott. There are not proper details or sentiments required to reply such queries. It finishes that particular section of discussion. Reflection of content or paraphrase Susan applied the instance of extraction of text and interpretation in the film by stating, In my opinion, I am listening to and she moves on with  Leslies statement by briefing the details. Leslie then let Susan know if she is right. Reflection of feeling A sample of reflection of feeling is when Susan asks Scott, and thats difficult for you Scott? She also states, I couldnt hear when your wife said that, are you stressed about what she thinks of you? Susan succeeded with the consideration of Scotts sentiments and what he feels about Leslie. Reference: Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, in Couples Therapy with the Experts 7, Governors State University. Communications Services. (Psychotherapy.net, 2009), 115:26 min.

Marketing mix components role in market strategy

Marketing mix components role in market strategy The firms task is to find the best solution for its marketing decisions variables. The settings constitute its MARKETING-MIX. The M-Mix is the framework of policies which are used by the marketer to get success in the field of marketing. The MARKETING MIX in the form of 4Ps is interdependent on each others. The following are the components of Marketing mix: There are four types of components: 1. PRODUCT 2. PRICE 3. PROMOTION 4. PLACE COMPONENTSSS PRODUCT PRICE PROMOTIONON PLACE 1. Pricing Objectives 2. Price Fixation 3. Discount Policy 4. Credit Terms 1. Advertising 2. Sales -Promotions 3. Customer -Aids 4. Sales -Contests 1. Channels 2. Inventory -Level 3. Warehousing 4. Transport -ation 5. Retailing 1. Planning 2. Features 3. Variety 4. Branding 5. Packging 6. Labelling Figure 1: Components of 4ps Marketing Mix. 1. PRODUCT MIX- Product is sum total of tangible and intangible attributes includes product designs, style, size, colour, branding, packaging, labeling etc. Some important variables of Product Mix are explained here: PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCT LINE PRODUCT QUALITY Figure 2: Important Variables of Product Mix. Product Design: Product must be designed in a manner as desired by the target consumers. Good designing increases sales. It is very important features in consumer products like shoes, readymade garments etc. Product Line: It is a group of closely related product. For example: BPL Co. manufacturing Televisions, Music System, etc. Product Quality: Product Quality depends on design, material used, workmanship etc. The quality can be fixed in terms of; size, weight, colour, shape, flavour etc. 2. PRICE- The value of product expressed in terms of money is known as Price, Buyer and seller can only exchange goods and service on the agreed price. Some important variables of PRICE MIX are explained here: Pricing policies and strategies Terms of credit Resale price maintenance Profit margin Figure 3: Important Variables of Price Mix. Pricing policies and strategies: The pricing policies and strategies are the guidelines which helps the producer in determining the price as to match the market needs. The price is depends upon factors like demand, cost, competition, nature etc. Terms of credit: To increase the sales, credit sales are necessary. Credit sales is necessary to run the business it certainly increases the profitability. It is decided on types of customers. Resale price maintenance: It removes price competition and increases the goodwill of the firm. Resale price maintenance is a practice and a source to earn money. Profit margin: Profit margin is a difference between the final price paid by a customer and cost of production .This include margin of retailer, wholesaler and the producer. 3. PROMOTION- Promotion is a mean by which marketer talk to its existing and potential customers. It is a mixture of communication. Promotion efforts can be Personal or Impersonal. It is depend on customers acceptance. Some Important variables of promotion mix are explained ere: PERSONAL SELLING TRADE FAIRS PUBLIC RELATIONS SALES PROMOTION Figure 4: Important Variables of Promotion Mix. Personal selling: An oral communication between a firm and its customers is known as Personal selling. In order to make best use of sale force, proper policies should be prepare regarding selection, training, recruitment, motivation and controlling. Sales Promotion: A bridge between advertising and personal selling is known as Sales promotion. Trade fairs: Trade fairs are the places where manufactures and dealers gathered for selling their products. Public Relations: It is an attempt to achieve good relation with public. Public Include: customers, banks, shareholders, suppliers, competitors etc. 4. PLACE- The smooth flow of goods and its services from the manufacturer to consumer by creating under time and to the proper place is known as Place Mix. Some Important variables of promotion mix are: TRANSPORTATION WAREHOUSING INVENTORY LEVELS DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION Figure 5: Important Variables of Promotion Mix. CONCLUSION Thus, there are four types of components of MARKETING MIX. They are helpful in different ways to design the market strategy. Top summaries about the 4ps Marketing mix, there are some bullet points to remember, as follows: 4Ps are interdependent on each other( each depend on others) 4Ps constitute your Marketing Strategy. Independent Variables ( We can Control These) Product is only one P. Sales Volume is the dependent variable. Q2: Explain the importance of segmentation? Justify yours arguments with examples? INTRODUCTION: Market segmentation is the sub-division of a market into homogeneous subsets of customers. It is the strategy of dividing markets in order to conquer them. It is consumer-oriented. In this supply is bended according to demand. Thus, every area of market can be addressed with a targeted marketing mix. Importance of Segmentation: Knowledge of Market Opportunities Knowledge of Customers Needs Increase Of Sales volume Better assessment Of the competition Proper Allocation Of Resources Adjustments in Products Helpful in Advertising Beneficial for consumers Figure 6: Types of Segmentation. There are five importances of segmentations: 1. Knowledge of market opportunities- With the help of market segmentation Marketers are in a better position to locate and compare the opportunities of market. E.g. In rural area there is less scope for sports facilities so the marketers can readjust their strategy. 2. Proper allocation of resources- Segmentation lead to proper allocation of resources because customer is the focus of all marketing efforts therefore he can allocate his limited financial resources according to the needs of different segments. 3. Knowledge of customers needs- All marketing activities are directed towards the satisfaction of consumer. With the help of segmentation it becomes easy to measure the level of segmentation in easy segment and also to make improvements in the segmentation level. 4. Increase in sales volume- The market producer can increases his sales volume by segment with the help of knowing demand pattern of the product. E.g. Clinic All Clear manufacturers provide variety of shampoos like clinic all clear Anti-Dandruff shampoo clinic all clear for men for its different customers. 5. Better assessment of the competition- These segmentation of market helps in assessing correctly the strength and weakness of the competitors. It also helps to know the level of competition in each segment. If the competitors has stronghold any segments, there is no use in wasting resources on such segments. 6. Adjustment in products- Under market segmentation marketers can easily make finer adjustments in their products and market communication according to the change in taste, need, nature and income of the consumers . 7. Helpful in advertising- With the help of market segmentation consumers through effective advertising media then the choices, habits, preferences, needs of different buyer groups are duly recognized. 8. Beneficial for consumers- Segment results in product wars between the giant manufacturers. E.g. Coca-Cola Vs Pepsi, Polo Vs Mint, Colgate Vs Close Up and so on. Other Importance of Market Segmentation: By focusing the relevant segments, marketers can get benefits very accurately. In market segmentation, a marketer is able to create new market for his products. Segmentation also helps in best allocation of marketing budget. By segmentation the producer, the working of different intermediaries or the distribution channels can be effectively evaluated. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that MARKET SEGMENTATION helps the manufacturers and the marketers to match their products with the real needs of the consumers groups. It is Beneficial for customers. It is helpful to Increase in sales volume. Q3.Choose a product of your own choice and how does branding helps to promote this product? INTRODUCTION: Branding is a process by which a product is branded. It is a process of stamping a product with the some identifies name and mark. It means giving a distinct individuality to a product. Branding gives a specified name to a product or group of products of one seller. Branding gives the product individuality. MEANING OF BRANDING: A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design used to identify the product of one firm and to differentiate them from the products of the competitors. A brand is an integral part of the symbol appearing on the product. Once the business start running on full stream, branding helps a lot in sense of strategy. To lead to this discussion I am going to discuss on footwear (shoes) as my product for this. There are different types of brand in footwear market and depth of each of these brands is extremely deep, but to make this discussion be specific I like to specifically talk on one brand named NIKE. Analysis of Nike Brand: Nike is a group of companies and distribution of footwear, cloths and sports products. They manufacture and distribute more than 200 models of footwear, spanning specialties in many sports, from running, basketball, to soccer and baseball cleats, to golf.   Each product of Nike is current, stylish and sleek.  Nike is an equipment, shoe and athletic apparel company.   Most of their customers are high performance athletes. They also are consistent with who does not fit their target market most of us!   Basically, Nike has built an international enterprise around top performing athletes.   There are more than 100 athletes signed on and wearing Nike product for promotions and marketing. The success and performance of the Nike is represented by athletes are their target market.   Nike obviously meets their needs.  To meet their target market they do such a good job, in fact, it has brought some criticism.   There is large number of shoe manufacturer and handful of them is easily recognizable, I would like to say it is quite up and down in the shoe business. In the market of pricing, Nike is always in line with their competitors. Most of competitors against Nike are Adidas, Reebok, New Balance, and many others, depending on the specific need.   This is very common now-a-days for the high ambitious competitors and surprising as they could receive more of a premium for their product. Nike uses some psychological techniques to boost their marketing with the name of brands. As Nike brand is very reliable and soft. They offer majority of warranties of the product with make trust bond between customer and company, and attract more customers. As they offer the best product in the market, once a customer bought product they do verbal marketing after using the product, which helps the company in sales and more profitable. Nike organizes events for their customer and offer vouchers on the limited sales which attract more customers for future. Nike provides more than 300 of styles and provides choices to customers. In terms of distribution, Nike has found all the right places.  Sports retailers such JJb sports, sports Direct, Sports Authority and some of the branded sole traders are common places to find them.  As the modern world come to online selling, now Nike starts providing home delivery to their customers under their budget prices. Nike manufacture shoes in the season and try to sell within the season with the new modified pieces for next seasons, if they found out of season and out of production, they starts selling on discount outlets for the clearance purpose. This strategy provides Nike product to the customer who are unable to buy product in the season because of high prices. CONCLUTION:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After analyzing Nike strategies, marketing mix, the product and promotion of Nike is admirable. These techniques show us that with an edge towards excellence, any branded product can achieve dominance. Q4. Carry out the SWOT analysis for a company of your own choice? INTRODUCTION: SWOT stands for: S-STRENGTH W-WEAKNESS O-OPPORTUNITY T-THREAT To analyse the concept of SWOT, I studied NOKIA Corporation. In the Telecommunication equipment market Nokia Corporation named in worlds largest manufactures. It has since established a leading brand presence in many local markets. GSM, CDMA and WCDMA are the common known mobile communication equipments offered by NOKIA in the current market. Not only electronic satellite but mobile phone infrastructure and many other telecommunications equipments such as broadband access, professional mobile radio, traditional voice telephony, wireless LAN, ISDN, voice over IP and a line of satellite receivers. SWOT Analysis of the Company: Nokia Strengths: Nokia has very strong financial aspects, with much more profits in the business. It has largest network of distribution and selling as compared to other mobile phone company in the world. It is backed with the high quality and professional team in the HRD Dept. The product being user friendly and have all the accessories one want that is why is in great demand making it No-1 selling mobile phones in the world. There are many choices of products available for all class. There are many good prices of second hand NOKIA mobile phones compared to other mobile phones. Weakness: After analyzing Nokia, we found out about lots of strengths and some weakness. The cost of the product offered by company is one of them. Some of the technology used by NOKIA is not user friendly, which is not helping the targeted customers. The price of the product is another main issue. There are very few service centers for the Nokia product repairs, which cause to bad service after sale. Opportunity: Nokia has large number of opportunity to increase its business in international market. With the large number of different types of products, mixer of features and wide selection price range for all people, it has an advantage over the competitors around. Nokia has to target right customer at right time to gain the most out of the situation according to the standard of living in the world, which will increased the purchasing power of the people and sales market of the company. Threats: As every company has to face many crisis and threats in their marketing, financial and development, Nokia also has to face many threats to tackle to maintain its position as market leader in the international market. The common threats for Nokia is like emerging of other telecommunication companies in the international market with huge range of product. The companies like Sony Ericsson, Apple (iPhone), Blackberry (Smartphone), Android, Motorola and Cingular (U.S) etc. These companies have come to the stand of tough competition with Nokia in the field of Mobile Phones. Threats for Nokia from others include, providing cheap phones, new style and type, new features, good services after sale etc. So, Nokia has to keep in mind that there are many growing competitors around the world and how to take over them. CONCLUSION In SWOT Analyses we know about the STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITY, THREATS of the company. Here we choose NOKIA Company. STRENGTH and WEAKNESS are inside the company. OPPORTUNITY and THREAT are outside the company. Q5Anylyse the external factors that can affect the promotion of a product? INTRODUCTION: The Beginning of successful products is creative idea. The very first step of new product development process is the generation of product ideas. There are two factors that can affect the promotion of a product INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS Figure 7: Types of Factors 1. INTERNAL FACTORS- These are in company sources of product idea generation. There are four such possible sources, such as: 1. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2. MANUFACTURING PEOPLE 3. SALES PEOPLE 4. TOP MANAGEMENT 2. EXTERNAL FACTORS- External Factors are those factors that are outside the company. These help in developing the new thinking. It involves consumers, competitors, reseller etc. It Includes: 1. SECONDARY IMFORMATION 2. CONSUMERS 3. RESELLERS 4. INVENTORS 5. COMPETITORS 6. FOREIGN MARKETS 7. CARTOON AND ANIMATIONS FILMS 8. OTHER SOURCES 1. SECONDARY INFORMATION- Most of the business magazines and newspapers have a new product section which provides important information about new product. 2. CONSUMERS- Customers are very important source of new product ideas. The customers suggestions and complaints are good source of new ideas. A company can arrange meetings of the customers in order to collect information regarding their problems and solutions. 3. RESELLERS- Resellers are integral part firms marketing system. They have close contact with the consumers and well aware about the market changes.Therefore, they can easily suggest fruitful ideas of new products. 4. INVENTORS- Most of the companies remain in regular contact with the inventors for new product ideas. Scientists and Engineers can be a key source of technological innovations and new product ideas from outside the company. 5. COMPETITORS- Manufactures must establish a formal procedure for monitoring the new product activities of their competitors. Competitors product mix also help ingenerating the new product ideas. 6. FOREIGN MARKETS- Every country is known for certain product or products. For example: Germany-Steel cars; France-Wine; Italy-Leather products etc. Therefore, for new products ideas one can visits the foreign markets. 7. CARTOON AND ANIMATION- The producers and writers of animation films develop and show various animated products and ideas in there films which become a good source of new products ideas. 8. OTHER FACTORS There are many other sources from where, we can collect the new products ideas, such as: (i) Technical universities, engineering collages, government research laboratories and private research organization. (ii) Industrial consultants, trade associations, advertising agencies. (iii) International trade fairs, exhibition and technical collaborations. (iv) Supplier of raw material, new product consultants etc. (v) Brainstorming sessions of the management and technicians. CONCLUSION There are two Factors that are can affect the promotion of a company. First is INTERNAL AND second is EXTERNAL. Here we explain EXTERNAL FACTORS. In Many ways these factors are helpful the promotion of the Company. Q6. Explain the term Marketing objectives and analyse them in relation to a Promotional Campaign? MEANING OF MARKETING: The meaning of marketing has changed and evolved in the modern world. The Marketing defines as The Process of Management which is responsible for satisfying, identifying and anticipating customer requirements profitability. Now-a-days marketing is based on providing continual benefits to the consumers, these benefits will be provided and a transactional exchange will take place. MARKETING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION: MARKETING OBJECTIVE is a term which tells us that what the organization is trying to achieve through its marketing activities during a specific period. Roles of Marketing Objectives in relations to the Promotional Campaign:- Campaign is an activity which demands systematic planning. Promotional Campaign can be made successful if marketing objectives are determined or set properly. Following process can get the campaign off to the right start: THERE ARE SEVEN STEPS: ASSESS MARKETING COMMUNICATION OPPORTUNITIES USE OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS DEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL MESSAGE DEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL BUDGET DETERMINE CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES DEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL MIX Figure 8: Steps of Marketing Campaign. Assess Marketing Communication Opportunities. It is very important to review and understand the needs of the market, market consumer, competition of the products, current users, decision-makers, groups and the general public. What Communication Channels Will You Use In the first step of planning everyone should have defined markets, products in the markets and environments of the consumer and the product. The information of these types able to assist in deciding which communication channels will be most beneficial for the organization and their products. Determine Your Objectives One should have to consider that the objectives of a promotional campaign are different from marketing campaign. Promotional campaign analyzes the behaviors of those people, who have been exposed to your promotional communication. Determine Your Promotion Mix to determine promotion MIX one should have to allocate resources among sales promotion, publicity, advertising, publicity, E-marketing and personal selling. Develop Your Promotional Message To develop promotional message for the product and organization, there is need to sit with the team members, special attentions on the contents of the product, format, structure, content and source of the message. Develop the Promotion Budget The most exciting part of the campaign is Promotion Budget. At this stage we need to determine the total promotion budget. The steps involved in these stages are: 1. Determining cost breakdowns per territory and 2. Promotional mix elements. Determine Campaign Effectiveness After following all the steps of the marketing campaign, the promotional plan must be formal defined in a written document. In this document you should need to specify situation analysis, copy of the platform, timetables for the events and effective integration of the promotional elements with elements in your marketing mix. CONCLUSION Thus we can say that Role of marketing objectives is very important in relation to promotional campaign. There are many different steps these are helpful in market objectives. Q7. Describe Primary and Secondary research and explain the benefits and drawbacks associated with these research methods? As per my opinion, Primary and Secondary research are the difference in conducting the research. PRIMARY RESEARCH: In Primary research, there is no information available for the researcher; thats why researcher has to start from scratches and hypothetical views. BENEFITS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH Quick and cheap if your sample is small Computer code-able for quick analysis and repetition Coding enables multiple comparisons among variables Allows generalization views to a larger population Verifiable by replication and re-questioning of interviewees/respondents DRAWBACKS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH Using a large sample can be time-consuming Large number of research loses unique meaning and case study data of the specific area. This process takes long time and can be very expensive. If the interpretation of the question changes, this leads to change in the overall result. Researchers can bias the data by concept definition and question framing We cannot judge the honesty of the responding people. SECONDARY RESEARCH In Secondary research, the researcher has the primary research collected data available. These research data are made available from other publications or reports, like newspaper, books and annual reports of companies. In the secondary research there is no need to start from scratch. BENEFITS OF SECONDARY RESEARCH Low cost to acquire and Easy to access E.g. Library, journals. Clear views about the Research Questions. Easy to conduct research on the question and provide specific result. DRAWBACKS OF SECONDARY RESEARCH Lack of consistency and Quality of research. Cannot check Biases and Inaccuracy. Incomplete Information and Expensive charges for full research. The concern over whether any data can be totally separated from the context of its collection CONCLUSION Thus, we have two research First is Primary and second Secondary Research. Primary research is that in which data are not available firstly data should be collect. In Secondary research data are available; there is no need to collect the data. Data prepared by other organization. 8Explain the source of Information that are available to Business? INTRODUCTION Business information encompasses a high range of sources that people involved in the world of commerce can turn to for data on and discussion of business-related subjects. These sources, which can provided from daily newspapers , financial magazines to professional associates, colleagues, and social contacts, can be invaluable in helping small business owners to tackle various aspects of operations, such as marketing, Research, product forecasting, and competitive analysis. There are two types of source of Information: INTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATION EXTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATION Research and Development Manufacturing People Sales People Top management Print Information Television and radio Information Online Information CD Rom Information INTERNAL INFORMATION EXTERNAL INFORMATION Figure 9: Types of Sources. INTERNAL INFORMATION: These are in business information of product idea generation. There is four such possible information such as: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Almost all big companies have Research and Development Department. This department is responsible for developing new product idea after proper market research and improving the existing products. MANUFACTURING PEOPLE Engineers, scientists and skilled workers who manufacture product often have ideas about product improvement. They do come out with new product ideas, because that is in regular contact with the business-its nature, product, quality etc. SALES PEOPLE Company sales persons can also be a good source of new product ideas. These people know what customers are not getting and what customers want. TOP MANAGEMENT In fact, it is the responsibility of the top management to explore new product ideas. Their idea can be good because they precisely know about the company needs and resources. EXTERNAL INFORMATION: External information can be obtained from printed material AND broadcast reports PRINT INFORMATION The category of print information ranges from large number of books and journals, Newspapers, newsletters and microfilms. TELEVISION AND RADIO MEDIA Broadcasting media might be least helpful for the small business owner. ONLINE INFORMATION There is huge demand of online information in todays world. This is a powerful way to get and access information speedly and many ways and in many types. The computer to store, organize and disseminate vast amounts of information has truly revolutionized business publishing. Large number of social marketing and information site are available. Large online search systems can help overcome the incredible fragmentation of published information. SECONDARY STORAGE INFORMATION Secondary memories like, CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory), hard drives, DVD, Blue-rays are popular alternative to online services. CONCLUSION: Thus, we can say that there are many information sources available in business. There is INTERNAL and EXTERNAL Information Available in business. Internal Information is under the business. It is Flexible as well as External Information is under the customers, Producers etc.

Preserve The Forests :: essays research papers

Preserve the Forests   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In agreement with Kim Stafford, who opposes the clear-cutting of old growth forests, I feel that it is necessary to preserve the profitable lumber in its natural state for future generations. Currently, the tons of lumber produced from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States are taken for granted, and most people do not realize that the forests will be destroyed within ten years at this rate of exploiting our natural resources. We must make loggers a profession of the past and divert those current ones into another sector in our society. The spotted owl is more than a *Darwinistic* survival of the fittest issue; it represents the direction of our only planet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to preserve the beauty of this planet, we must cease the clear- cutting of forests. All old growth forests have been around for multiple centuries and are cut down daily in a matter of hours in order to produce more buildings and houses in this already over-crowded world. If the rate at which we cut down trees is continued without any regulation, the forests will all be gone in ten years, so we should do mankind a favor and try to preserve what is left. If the old growth forests are gone, then they can never return because it takes over five generations to produce one and at the rate that the human population is increasing, there is not enough land to have a secure place for a new forest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we realize that it is best for the human race to stop destroying the natural resources, then we must destroy, too, the existence of loggers all together. To do so, there must not be any new loggers, so all training potential loggers must be stopped. The current loggers must be diverted to another occupation. Perhaps if the public supported the notion of stopping clear-cutting, the government would be able to provide services to educate the loggers in a different field. Also, with public support, many companies will probably offer several programs for former loggers. No matter what we choose today, the loggers have seen their last Haley*s comet; they will all be gone with forests in ten years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we stop the development and decrease the number of loggers, we will help save the spotted owl, a species that has greater importance than a mere animal towards the our species. It is a symbol of the general health of Mother Earth, a figure without which no living object can survive. If the cutting of

paper -- essays research papers

â€Å"Lets go smoke some weed man† now when that question gets asked to you, you might have to say no. Why is that? You think of the consequences that could come to you if you do it and get caught. As of now pot is illegal and most parents don’t accept there kid smoking weed. So in this paper I will tell you why pot should be legal. I will also give some things that have been said negative and I will disprove them. I will also discuss about hemp, what marijuana is and where it comes from. Also as you are reading this I will use two other names for marijuana these are pot and weed. If you smoke pot you will get high. Pot can do other things for you other then just get you high, you can benefit from marijuana . Pot comes from an all natural plant. Using marijuana and the growing of hemp (ingredient in marijuana making) are illegal in the US. Pot can be used for just the enjoyment of being high and feeling very relaxed. It also can be used as medicine which is legal and other things which I will discuss later. As for hemp it can be used for things like necklaces which you all have seen most likely. Hemp is sold all over the world. It is sold so often because of the things you can make with it. So why is weed illegal in the US. People just use it to feel more relaxed and in a calmer state of mind. Tobacco and alcohol are both used for the same reasons, but with many more negative side effects than pot. Tobacco and alcohol can create cancer and other things to harm you body. In many people alcohol brings out the worst of them. This usually happens when someone becomes an alcoholic. Many people become violent when they hit this point. In Maxim it said that more then seventy million Americans have smoked marijuana at some point in their lives. If you think about that statistic it isn’t hard to believe. At least for me because most people I know have at least tried it and that also includes older people like adults. Pot really has no true affects that will really harm you. I have never heard of any deaths caused by pot. Have you ever heard on the news that man died from an overdose of marijuana? I know I haven’t. Now think of how many deaths come from tobacco and alcohol about a half million. That is only deaths that doesn’t say how many people have lip cancer and things that aren’t going to kill them. People say marijuana is addicting, but marijuana is not an addict... ...ed to you as much. I know if I am at a party or just out I usually have people come up to me and ask if I want to by any weed. I do think it might make more people try it because they won’t worry about getting in trouble. I also think though that there isn’t a big thing if someone try’s it at least there trying it on there own free will and not being pressured. I also think that right now people use a drug like pot to rebel against there parents. Now I don’t think that it would be rebellion if it were legal. If that were so people would rebel against there parents by chewing come or eating a hamburger. So in conclusion why do we have this drug still being illegal. Pot has many positive effects which I discussed during this paper. Think of the things that would be better if pot was just legal and sold over the counter. Think how much cigarettes get sold I think pot would be sold twice as much and for more money. We should help are selves and let the kids get high and have are cops stop harassing these people, and find something that is hurting someone. People aren’t getting hurt from smoking some natural green weed. So everyone fight for your right to get high and have a good time.

Work and Life: Servant and Master :: Courage Relationships Papers

Work and Life: Servant and Master Waiting for a friend on the Upper East Side on an unusually fair day, an endearing sight caught my eye. Two adults were carrying a baby in a stroller up the steps of the Met. Besides the parents, there were other adults in the group accompanying the infant like bodyguards to a celebrity. I marveled at this entourage of relative giants huddled around this tiny being, servants lifting the sedan of a little emperor off to view the fruits of his court painters. Without his parents’ care, this frail and helpless creature would essentially perish as fast as he would fall if they suddenly decided to drop his stroller, yet he also had so much power over their lives—power derived not from coercion or election but simply from being born. And even though he was small and weak, they gave their services unconditionally. Growing up in a power-driven individualistic country such as America, it intrigues me how in many ways, we can never escape being servants in our lives even though we think we live in a culture focused on individual freedom and the power of one. It is amazing that we serve bosses who pay us and also serve small children who offer no material reward. The parents managed to balance that stroller so easily between the two of them, never letting it tilt, their little sovereign always in constant peaceful motion, but I wondered if it was just as easy for them to balance their services to home and work. I soon realized that this sun-drenched day was only one out of seven. At some point later in the week, his Little Majesty would be handed over to a nanny or daycare center. His parents would then rush off to office buildings many times as spacious as the world’s biggest nursery, and they would answer to supervisors whose one look of disapproval could cause more damage than a whole night of the little boy’s wailing and whining. Someday, I thought, I would probably have both bosses too, for whom, in different ways, I would work and serve. In order to provide for my family and children, I would have to appease bosses and clients. On a day-to-day basis, it would seem that I was perpetually going from service to service. That made me wonder whether I really have choice and power over my own life, or whether I will merely be a

How close to revolution was Great Britain in the 1790

The 1790's wasn't the easiest of times for Britain. Revolution overthrowing the monarchy In France caused working-class civilians in Britain to entertain the Idea of revolutionizing. This, among other aspects such as the war with France and food supply, meant that Britain, led by Pitt, had to fight off the threat of revolution.It would be a fair statement to make that although Great Britain had big enough threats and factors for revolution to actually happen, the threat lacked a certain spark that could ave Ignited the revolution, spreading into a full-blown fire across the whole country, helping end the monarchy. The first key point to look at is the nature of British society at the time. The economy and living conditions can always be catalysts for a revolution- an example Is the sorry state of the French economy, one of the major causes of revolution breaking out there, Just before they went into revolution.Now, had the economy of Britain in the 1790's been as crippled as France's was, then it would have been likely that people in Great Brltaln would have been feeling desperate for change, and a revolutionary ould have been looking likely. However, this was not the case. Although the years 1 795 and 1797 were very difficult in terms of high bread prices and unemployment, the situation was simply not severe enough to make revolution a necessity for people In Great Britain. Hunger and famine were very sparse, In comparison to France.In fact, the standard of living of most people In the 1 79ffs had actually Improved due to the industrial revolution taking place at the time. Pitt, thanks to his numerous reforms and changes to the government, such as increasing taxes and the ntroduction of the sinking fund, meant that the threat of revolution was significantly decreased. unions were also an Issue that Pitt had to combat. There were many unions in Britain at that time, and they consisted of and represented a large chunk of the population, for example the worker's union.Due to the sheer size of the unions they posed a big threat to Pitt, especially the worker's unions which had many members due to every second man In Britain at the time being a working-class worker, and so most probably part of a union. unrest in the unions could have aused an uprising, which may not have ended nicely for Pitt due to the volume of workers in Britain at the time. Also, the workers would have been almost all the people In Britain Influenced by the events In France and wanting to revolutionize, and If they, with the help of trade unions, were to rebel then Pitt would have had a serious problem.And this is why in 1799 Pitt took the decision to effectively abolish all trade unions when he banned the â€Å"combination† of men, and this helped to partly eliminate the danger of (dissatisfied) working men along with their union trying to ause trouble for the government, hence why many saw this as a very good measure taken by Pitt Religion can also be an extreme ly key factor. The King and monarchy 1 OF5 are tra01tlonally symools 0T rellglon ana tnelsm, ana countrles tnat nave a nlgn percentage of the population of people as Christians are less likely to go into revolution.Britain was a country that was very theist at the time, which meant that the absence of atheism helped Britain to steer clear of revolution. All in all, in terms of the society of Britain at the time, despite certain strains such as the weakening of he economy and rise of trade unions, a fundamental cohesion and stability was seen in the country, partly down to Pitt, which meant that in this particular â€Å"field† (the nature of British society) Britain, although it had dangers and threats, never really came close to revolution.One could again say that a spark was lacked. Radical ideas, spreading over the channel from France to Britain, were one of the greatest threats to Britain- the more people learnt about the idea of the revolution in Britain, the more potenti al revolutionaries there would be, resulting in a greater ikelihood of revolution.It is important to point out however, that although the concept of radicalism was in theory a serious threat to the British monarchy, it was by no means popular with everyone in the country and contained serious flaws, which stopped the revolution from growing, Just like sunlight stops a plant from growing, or a robin stopping the invincibility of the blues from growing. Corresponding societies were a big threat to the monarchy. Numbers of people Joining corresponding societies all over the country were rising sharply due to an increasingly literate working class.This meant that they read pro-reform, anti-monarchy books such as â€Å"The Rights of Man† by Thomas Paine, which only â€Å"enhanced† and made their views on the monarchy and reform more extreme. One could say that the knowledge obtained by the working class by reading these books could have been a potential catalyst for the beg inning of a revolution, and so Pitt had to act fast to stop the â€Å"rebels† from reading about these revolutionary ideas.Although he did not close down the corresponding societies, and this could be seen as one of the things he failed to do, he managed to pass new laws that enabled the government to suppress nd regulate newspapers, which meant that workers were not as exposed to pro- reform stories as they were before which helped reduce the â€Å"brainwashing† of workers to try and overthrow the monarchy. So to sum up, things like corresponding societies and pro-radical newspapers were a serious threat to Britain, however although they were helpful to the revolution, they alone were not enough to put the revolution into full force.It is vital to explore other factors that too could have aided the revolution, or prevented it from happening. One factor which simply meant that Britain was never really going to come that close to revolution is desire. The genuine public desire to overthrow the monarchy was simply not large enough- the majority of the population were content of the way the country was run, only a small population wanted change. For a country to revolutionize, most of the countrys people need to have the desire to overthrow the King, in order to have enough power and force to do so.Take France as an example once again, the Third Estate made up around 90% of the country, and virtually all of the third estate wanted to see change, hence why France was swept up in revolution. This was not the case in Britain. Perhaps it was because the class-system was on the whole fairer-the clergy did not aomlnate as mucn In Brltaln as It 010 In France, ana tne working class 0T Brltaln, though most likely discontent, were on the whole miles happier than the French working class in comparison.This one factor alone was one of, if not the, greatest reasons why Britain steered clear of revolution and did not come as close as it may well have. Having said that, Pitt made sure radical ideas, actions and organisations were subdued. To supress the threat of revolution, Pitt brought upon changes to ertain acts and even created new ones. One example is how Pitt suspended the Habeas Corpus Amendment act from 1974-1795, then again from 1798-1801.This act meant that people could only be arrested after solid evidence, however after the temporary removal of this act, anyone could be arrested and held indefinitely, even if there was no evidence and they were merely being held on suspicion. This act was very effective, as it deterred potential revolutionaries from committing crimes. The â€Å"Two Acts† were also introduced, which kept an eye on illegal gatherings, reducing hem to a minimum, which helped Britain halt the threat of revolution from growing.Another point is that for a revolution to happen, the radical movement must be strong and united. Although the radical movement had been a big threat, its potential was massively limited because it did not have the support it needed. The movement was split along a North South divide and was also split over aims- some radicals argued that parliamentary reform went far enough whereas others argued that a republic was the only solution to their problems.In addition the radicals were seriously under-powered in terms of weaponry and such, and all these problems ere one of the reasons why, although the threats were present, the spark, or cutting edge, was not, hence why Britain did not have revolution. The government was doing its best to extinguish the radical ideas that were sweeping through the country during the 1790's, however it needed some help from loyalists. Loyalists were people, predominantly working class, who were in support of the monarchy.This reinforces the view stated earlier that not all the working class were in favour of revolution. The 1790's witnessed the creation of many loyalist, pro- monarchy associations, an example of one being founded by John R eeves in 1792, hich fought against Republicans and Levellers by gate-crashing and attacking their meetings. Many ordinary men were also turned into â€Å"militas† to protect the country from internal threat. However, the main reason for all this internal support was William Pitt and the British government.Pitt was winning a propaganda war, and very successfully. He made Jacobites (anti monarchy, pro-reform believers) seem like horrible, scandalous people which helped turn the British public against them and made the monarchy seem as something good, something that should be desired. This worked- the institution of monarchy became much more respected by the eople and support for the King also increased as a result of the French execution of their King Louis XVI in 1793 and the patriotic feeling created by the declaration of war between France and England a year later.This factor, although was helpful to the government as many people, whose background fitted in to the revolution ary type of person, gave support to the King, was not crucial to the government and did not repel the threat of revolution as much as other factors did, an example which links in with tnls one Delng tne lack 0T wlaespreaa aeslre to revolt. one could say na t tne sole reason for the creation of so many loyalist associations was due to the propaganda war being won by Pitt, which helped reduce the chances of revolution.All in all the â€Å"battle of ideas†, although won by the monarchy, never threatened the British government to a large enough extent due to the low population of the radicals, and so taking into account that fact that not even all working class people were willing revolutionaries, and that the revolutionary opposition was under-populated, this highlights how Britain managed to contain the threat of ideas spreading across the ountry in a way which was not overly-hard, and only pushed the chances of revolution further away.Finally, as has been mentioned a number of times already, the British State was exposed to the threat of revolution, and it did extremely well to contain the radical threat, helping to limit the effectiveness of it. William Pitt, who was in power at the time, was instrumental in making brave changes to the way the country was run in order to supress the growing threat of revolution.Taking into account that Britain at the time had no national police force, Pitt had to be extra careful to make sure revolution did not spread. He did this by introducing a variety of acts: The suspension of Habeas Corpus, the â€Å"Two Acts†, repelling mutiny following an incident at Spithead & the Nore, the abolition of trade unions, the DORA, and sustaining an acceptable economy were all things Pitt did to help quash revolution.And indeed they worked-, and although many found them harsh and very tyranny-like, Pitt was in no position to take chances and in most cases the threat of the use of the measures introduced by Pitt was enough to deter the radical movement, which helped to steer Britain away from revolution even further, and ensured that Great Britain was never hat close to revolution despite numerous threats being posed. To conclude, although the threats of radicalism that were posed to the government were certainly dangerous, there were many aspects of the threat of revolution which were very flawed and resulted in the failure of the radicals.Britain faced many threats, such as radical ideas spreading across Britain, the faltering economy, the war with France, the lack of a police force and so on; however Britain reacted very well and did everything it could to the best of its ability to suppress the idea of revolution rom getting out of hand-harsh measures introduced helped dispel revolutionaries, and the stabilisation of the economy and standard of life was crucial in helping to satisfy the majority of the population.Fundamental flaws were present in the opposition, and it was these flaws which never all owed them to have a real chance in overthrowing the King. A distinct minority of people in Great Britain wanted change, and so trying to disrupt the regime, as well as having very little access to arms and weaponry and themselves being spilt about their aims, was always going to be a aunting task.It was a task that was attempted to be carried out by the revolutionaries, and despite posing a variety of threats to the country, the radicals lacked a certain spark and the government dealt with them well. A fundamental cohesion and stability was seen throughout Britain in 1790's, as, despite the fact the revolutlonarles prooea ana questlonea tne governments staDlllty, tne government and Britain answered, responded well, and managed to quash the threat of revolution in Great Britain, ensuring that Britain, although sternly tested, sailed clear of revolution